Common Spruce Bell
Common NameCommon Spruce Bell
Scientific NameZeiraphera rufimitrana
FamilyTortricidae
SubfamilyOlethreutinae
Wingspan (mm)16
Wing Patterncryptic
Primary Colorsbrown, white, cream
HabitatConiferous forests, especially spruce forests
Geographic RangeEurope, Asia, North America (Palearctic and Nearctic regions)
Host PlantsPicea (spruce) species
Flight PeriodJune to August
Flight Stylefluttering
Conservation Statusleast-concern
Lifecycle NotesLarvae feed on the needles and buds of spruce trees, often mining the needles. Pupation occurs in the soil or leaf litter, with adults emerging in the summer.
Identification TipsKey features include the mottled brown and white forewing pattern and its strong association with spruce trees. Definitive identification from closely related *Zeiraphera* species may require examination of genitalia.
Description
A small, cryptically patterned moth with mottled brown and whitish patches on its forewings, designed for camouflage against tree bark or lichen.
