Great Helen Swallowtail
Common NameGreat Helen Swallowtail
Scientific NamePapilio helenus
FamilyPapilionidae
SubfamilyPapilioninae
Wingspan (mm)100
Wing Patternspotted
Primary Colorsblack, white, orange
HabitatForests, forest edges, open woodlands, often near streams or damp ground for mud-puddling
Geographic RangeSouthern Asia, Southeast Asia (e.g., India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, Taiwan, Indonesia, Philippines)
Host PlantsZanthoxylum, Toddalia, Citrus, Euodia
Flight PeriodMultiple broods throughout the year in tropical regions, typically from spring to autumn in temperate zones
Conservation Statusleast-concern
Lifecycle NotesEggs are laid singly on host plant leaves. Larvae are typically green with cryptic patterns, often resembling bird droppings in early instars. Pupae are green or brown, camouflaged as leaves or twigs.
Identification TipsLook for the large size, overall black coloration, distinct large white patches on the hindwings, and the row of red-orange ocelli near the prominent tails on the hindwings. Often seen mud-puddling in groups.
Description
A large, striking black swallowtail butterfly with prominent white patches on the hindwings and a series of red-orange ocelli (eyespots) near the tails. The forewings are mostly black with faint striations.
