Lettuce Shark
Common NameLettuce Shark
Scientific NamePapilio machaon
FamilyPapilionidae
SubfamilyPapilioninae
Wingspan (mm)60
Wing Patternstriped
Primary Colorsyellow, black, blue, red
HabitatMeadows, grasslands, open woodlands, fens, gardens
Geographic RangeEurope, Asia, North Africa, parts of North America
Host Plantswild carrot, fennel, parsley, dill, angelica
Flight PeriodApril to September (varies by region)
Flight Stylegliding
Conservation Statusleast-concern
Lifecycle NotesEggs are laid singly on host plants. The caterpillar, as seen in the image, is brightly colored with alternating yellow, black, and white bands, often with small orange or black spots, and possesses an eversible osmeterium for defense. It pupates into a chrysalis before emerging as the adult butterfly.
Identification TipsAdults are identified by their large size, striking yellow and black striped wing pattern, and the characteristic swallowtails on their hindwings, often accompanied by blue and red markings. The caterpillar is distinctive with its yellow, black, and white banding.
Description
A large, vibrant butterfly characterized by its bright yellow wings adorned with prominent black stripes and veins, and distinctive swallowtails on the hindwings, often featuring blue and red eyespots.
