Common Commander
Image: Pranamikaadhikary (CC0)
Common NameCommon Commander
Scientific NameModuza procris
FamilyNymphalidae
SubfamilyLimenitidinae
Wingspan (mm)60
Wing Patternstriped
Primary Colorsorange, brown, white, black
HabitatForest edges, open woodlands, gardens, plantations, often near streams
Geographic RangeSouth Asia, Southeast Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, China)
Host PlantsMussaenda, Ixora, Ficus, Litchi chinensis
Flight PeriodYear-round in tropical regions
Flight Stylegliding
Conservation Statusleast-concern
Lifecycle NotesEggs are laid singly on host plant leaves. Larvae are spiny and camouflaged, pupating into a distinctive chrysalis that often resembles a dry leaf or twig.
Identification TipsDistinguished by the broad, continuous white band running across the middle of both forewings and hindwings, set against an orange-brown background with a series of black spots and lines.
Description
A medium-sized butterfly with rich orange-brown wings adorned with a prominent white band across both forewings and hindwings, complemented by intricate black markings.
